კონფერენცია

∘ Goderdzi Tkeshelashvili ∘ Giorgi Zangurashvili ∘
THE ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE STATE OF TRANSPORT OF GEORGIA

Summary

The geographical position of Georgia is that the shortest corridor connecting Asia and Southern Europe passes through it, and there are useful conditions for the development of the transport system.

The transport system of the country is represented by the railway of Georgia, road, air, sea transport, pipelines.

The railway, which is represented as a joint stock company, is a large organization, where the state has a controlling stake and it can make an important positive share in the country's economy, but the volume of transportation by rail has significantly decreased in recent years and from 2012 to 2018 almost doubled.

The volume of tourist transportation by air is increasing, but due to the high cost of transporting goods, the exchange of goods in this sector is insignificant.

Pipeline transport mainly serves as transit traffic. Here the pipelines of Bako-Erzerum and Bako-Jeihan are important, which are intended for the transportation of gas and crude oil from the pool of the Caspian Sea. The third main direction of the North-South gas pipeline is the transit of Russian gas to Armenia. Three pipelines are heavily loaded.

Automobile fleet calculates 1.2 million cars, but only a small part of it is possible to carry out international transit traffic, since the majority of the car fleet does not meet the requirements of European standards. Therefore, the volume of transit goods transported by road is minimal and there is a prospect in this area.

Separate is the issue of reasoning maritime transport. The appropriate position of Georgia is reflected in the status of the maritime country, but it does not have a sea fleet, of course, the volume of sea shipping is zero. Therefore, we can talk about sea transport only by seaports and terminals.

The existing Georgian seaports of Batumi and Poti also operate the Supsa and Kulevi terminals. Due to the shallow water deepening of ports, high-tonnage ships cannot enter the port, and in the terminals, liquid oil will be tumirovan in ships at sea.

The construction of the port of Anakly began, which is quite deep and can take larger ships.

The dynamics of the volume of goods processed in the ports of Poti and Batumi are negative and they cannot compete with the ports of Novorossiysk and Samsun due to the high rates of transportation operations.

This can be solved by implementing macroeconomic events such as development of market infrastructure; Introduction of modern software packages; Perfection of taxation system in its direction and liberalization, improvement of credit and financial system; By establishing a flexible system of business regulation and dispute settlement.

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics International Scientific C O N F E R E N C E S "ECONOMY – XXI CENTURY"

E ISSN 2587 - 4691	∘ Goderdzi Tkeshelashvili ∘ Giorgi Zangurashvili ∘ THE ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE STATE OF TRANSPORT OF GEORGIA Summary The geographical position of Georgia is that the shortest corridor connecting Asia and Southern Europe passes through it, and there are useful conditions for the development of the transport system. The transport system of the country is represented by the railway of Georgia, road, air, sea transport, pipelines. The railway, which is represented as a joint stock company, is a large organization, where the state has a controlling stake and it can make an important positive share in the country's economy, but the volume of transportation by rail has significantly decreased in recent years and from 2012 to 2018 almost doubled. The volume of tourist transportation by air is increasing, but due to the high cost of transporting goods, the exchange of goods in this sector is insignificant. Pipeline transport mainly serves as transit traffic. Here the pipelines of Bako-Erzerum and Bako-Jeihan are important, which are intended for the transportation of gas and crude oil from the pool of the Caspian Sea. The third main direction of the North-South gas pipeline is the transit of Russian gas to Armenia. Three pipelines are heavily loaded. Automobile fleet calculates 1.2 million cars, but only a small part of it is possible to carry out international transit traffic, since the majority of the car fleet does not meet the requirements of European standards. Therefore, the volume of transit goods transported by road is minimal and there is a prospect in this area. Separate is the issue of reasoning maritime transport. The appropriate position of Georgia is reflected in the status of the maritime country, but it does not have a sea fleet, of course, the volume of sea shipping is zero. Therefore, we can talk about sea transport only by seaports and terminals. The existing Georgian seaports of Batumi and Poti also operate the Supsa and Kulevi terminals. Due to the shallow water deepening of ports, high-tonnage ships cannot enter the port, and in the terminals, liquid oil will be tumirovan in ships at sea. The construction of the port of Anakly began, which is quite deep and can take larger ships. The dynamics of the volume of goods processed in the ports of Poti and Batumi are negative and they cannot compete with the ports of Novorossiysk and Samsun due to the high rates of transportation operations. This can be solved by implementing macroeconomic events such as development of market infrastructure; Introduction of modern software packages; Perfection of taxation system in its direction and liberalization, improvement of credit and financial system; By establishing a flexible system of business regulation and dispute settlement.